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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most frequently prescribed treatment for ADHD are believed to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. They cannot cure the disorder and only help manage symptoms if they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication can include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate as well as upset stomach, anxiety and tics. Certain teens and children who take stimulant drugs experience a slight reduction in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant is the most well-known medication used to treat ADHD. It is available in many forms such as a liquid, chewable tablet, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended release pill. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help to enhance focus. It may also reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which remove these neurotransmitters normally from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. People who suffer from diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication since it can cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. Consult your physician when you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate is also known to cause a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as discomfort in the toes and fingers. This is a rare, but serious side effect. It is crucial to notify your doctor if these symptoms are observed. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate can slow down children's growth. However it hasn't been proven. If you have a child being treated with methylphenidate ensure that you monitor the child's weight and height carefully. If your child is taking a methylphenidate chewable tablet that contains phenylalanine which is potentially dangerous for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Ask your doctor about a different methylphenidate formula in case you suffer from PKU. Certain people have issues with stimulants which are the most popular option for treating ADHD. In these instances doctors might prescribe other medications that function similarly. There are also other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine, in addition to methylphenidate. These substances can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are usually taken every day, either twice or three times However, some people may be able to take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available for treating ADHD, but they are less likely to be effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD drug that increases concentration while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is part of a class called selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers which control brain activity. It is a popular choice for both adults and children who want a different type of medication from stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine is not effective instantly and it could take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the drug to be evident. There is also the possibility of experiencing negative side effects, such as drowsiness and nausea. However, the benefits of atomoxetine surpass the risks for many patients. The efficacy of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group as well as the placebo group experienced a reduction in depression symptoms. The atomoxetine-treated group had more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The atomoxetine group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group and scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. One patient however, experienced an allergic reaction and was removed from the study. Three patients also reported transient gastrointestinal symptoms, and one reported increased fatigue. Talk to your doctor before you start treatment with atomoxetine about your health history, including any supplements or medications you are taking. This includes herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications. Tell your doctor whether any of the following conditions exist for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumor; high blood pressure; heart disease or a history sudden death. You should also avoid atomoxetine if taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine, in the past 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can improve the symptoms of ADHD. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and improve focus, though it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants do. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets as well as extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication exactly as instructed. If you stop taking it abruptly you may experience withdrawal symptoms. It's typically taken two or three times a day with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. adhd without medication can range from 100 mg twice or three times a day up to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is in the digestive system and excreted in urine. It isn't able to penetrate breast milk. It can, however, enter the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion can increase blood pressure. It's important to check it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD In addition, bupropion may reduce depression. It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from entering your brain, which can help to regulate your mood. Bupropion can interact with other medications, so it's important to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's also important to find out whether you suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants since they can make side effects worse. In a variety of studies, bupropion was compared to placebos for adults with ADHD. These studies yielded mixed results, and many were poorly conducted. Furthermore, many of them did not include participants with psychiatric disorders. However, the research suggests that bupropion may have a small effect on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, such as an improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed, it is necessary to understand the underlying causes of the molecular forms of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relationship between the molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to know how various anti-ADHD drugs work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD are not effective or cause adverse side adverse effects. These medications, such as imipramine and Nortriptyline, (Aventyl and Pamelor) are able to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which helps people concentrate. These are older drugs that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are usually only used when other medications have failed. The first choice of depression treatment is typically an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI), such as fluoxetine, sertraline, or citalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants that have been in use for decades, may still be used in some cases. They are effective in treating pain caused by neuropathic or other, but their antidepressant effect is not the identical. They potentiate noradrenephrine by inhibiting its reuptake, and also act as lower modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have less risk of toxicity, and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic to humans or animals. If they are abruptly stopped, they can cause withdrawal symptoms that are severe. Your doctor may recommend slowly reducing the dose over a few weeks to minimize these effects. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It is believed to be effective by increasing neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It also helps alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be combined with stimulants to produce faster and longer-lasting results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, but many people experience relief from dietary supplements and herbal remedies. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people might benefit from avoiding caffeine. It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications that you or your child uses, including prescription drugs and herbal remedies. This can help reduce unwanted side effects as well as prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, which is why it's often a trial and error to discover the right drug and dosage for you or your child.